Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Slavic
*vьlga
→
Latvian
vālodze
(cognate)
→
Polish
Wołga
(derived)
→
Russian
Волга
(inherited)