Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old Irish gníid
Proto-Celtic *gniyeti (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (root)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (derived)

Irish gnó (mention)
Old Irish dogní (prefix)
Old Irish congní (affix)