Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Sanskrit
नति
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*nem-
(root)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*nem-
(derived)
→
Hindi
नति
(learned borrowing)
→
Tamil
நதி
(borrowed)