Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Sanskrit दुर्मनस्
Proto-Indo-Iranian *man- (root)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánas (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *men- (root)
Proto-Indo-European (inherited)
Sanskrit मन् (root)
Sanskrit दुस्- (affix)
Sanskrit मनस् (affix)

Hindi दुर्मना (learned borrowing)
Hindi दुमन (inherited)
Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀡 (inherited)