Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Russian Никола́й

→ English Mykolaiv (cognate)
→ Finnish Nikolai (borrowed)
→ Japanese ニコライ (borrowed)
→ Russian Николаев (affix)
→ Russian николаевский (affix)
→ Russian Коля (clipping)
→ Russian Николаевск (affix)