Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Romanian
carbon
←
French
carbone
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ker-
(derived)
←
Latin
carbō
(derived)
←
Romanian
cărbune
(doublet)
→
Romanian
cărbune
(doublet)
→
Romanian
carbonier
(affix)
→
Romanian
carbonificare
(affix)