Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
vinagre
←
Latin
[[vīnum]] [[ācre]]
(derived)
←
Old Catalan
vinagre
(borrowed)
←
Old Portuguese
vinagre
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
avinagrar
(affix)
→
Portuguese
vinagreira
(affix)