Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese surdo
← Proto-Indo-European *swer- (mention)
← Latin surdus (inherited)
← Old Portuguese sordo (inherited)

→ Galician xordo (cognate)
→ Portuguese surdo-mudo (compound)
→ Portuguese surdez (suffix)
→ Portuguese ensurdecer (affix)