Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
sugar
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sug-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*suk-
(mention)
←
Latin
sugere
(inherited)
←
Latin
sugō
(mention)