Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese som
Spanish son (mention)
Latin sonus (derived)
Old Occitan son (cognate)
Portuguese soar (mention)
Old Portuguese son (inherited)
Old Portuguese sõo (mention)

Spanish son (cognate)
Galician son (cognate)
Portuguese tom (mention)
Portuguese ultrassom (prefix)
Portuguese infrassom (prefix)
Portuguese sonzeira (affix)
Portuguese consonância (affix)