Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
progredir
←
Latin
prōgredior
(derived)
←
Latin
prō
(mention)
←
Latin
gradior
(mention)
→
Spanish
progresar
(cognate)