Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese polpa
Proto-Indo-European *pel- (derived)
Old Latin *pelpa (inherited)
Latin pulpa (inherited)
Old Portuguese polpa (inherited)

Galician polpa (cognate)
Kabuverdianu polpa (derived)
Portuguese polposo (suffix)
Portuguese polpudo (affix)