Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Portuguese pior
Proto-Indo-European *ped-yōs (inherited)
Latin peior (inherited)
Old Portuguese peor (inherited)
Old Portuguese peyor (mention)

Galician peor (cognate)
Portuguese empiorar (affix)
Portuguese piorar (affix)
Portuguese piorio (suffix)