Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
pólvora
←
Spanish
pólvora
(borrowed)
←
Latin
pulvis
(derived(pt/gl))
←
Latin
pulvis
(derived)
←
Old Catalan
pólvora
(derived)