Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
numeroso
←
Proto-Indo-European
*nem-
(derived)
←
Latin
numerōsus
(borrowed)
←
Latin
numerus
(mention)
←
Portuguese
número
(suffix)
←
Portuguese
oso
(suffix)