Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
nave
←
Proto-Indo-European
*néh₂us
(inherited)
←
Latin
nāvis
(inherited)
←
Portuguese
nau
(doublet)
←
Old Portuguese
nave
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
aeronave
(mention)
→
Portuguese
nau
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
astronave
(affix)
→
Portuguese
espaçonave
(compound)