Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
marquês
←
Spanish
marqués
(cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic
*markō
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*merǵ-
(derived)
←
Old Spanish
marques
(derived)
←
Old Occitan
marques
(derived)
←
Old Portuguese
marques
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
marquesa
(suffix)