Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
marinho
←
Latin
marīnus
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
marinno
(inherited)
→
Galician
mariño
(cognate)
→
Malay
merinyu
(borrowed)
→
Portuguese
mar
(link)
→
Portuguese
marinheiro
(affix)
→
Portuguese
cavalo-marinho
(compound)