Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
galo
←
Latin
gallus
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
galo
(inherited)
→
Catalan
gall
(cognate)
→
Corsican
gallu
(cognate)
→
Papiamentu
gai
(derived)
→
Portuguese
galão
(suffix)
→
Portuguese
Cantagalo
(compound)