Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
farol
←
Spanish
faro
(cognate)
←
French
phare
(cognate)
←
Ancient Greek
Φάρος
(derived)
←
Latin
pharus
(derived)
→
Portuguese
navio-farol
(compound)