Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
espinho
←
Latin
spinus
(mention)
→
Galician
espiño
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
Espinho
(mention)
→
Portuguese
espinhão
(affix)
→
Portuguese
espinheiro
(affix)
→
Portuguese
espinhoso
(affix)