Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
duque
←
Old French
duc
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*dewk-
(derived)
←
Latin
dux
(derived)
←
Latin
dūcō
(mention)
←
Old Portuguese
duc
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
duquesa
(suffix)