Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
chavalo
←
Spanish
chavalo
(borrowed)
←
Caló
chavó
(derived)
→
English
chav
(cognate)
→
Spanish
chaval
(cognate)