Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
cavalheiro
←
Spanish
caballero
(borrowed)
←
Portuguese
cavaleiro
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
cavaleiro
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
cavalheirismo
(affix)