Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
caralho
←
Catalan
carall
(cognate)
←
Spanish
carajo
(cognate)
←
Galician
carallo
(cognate)
←
Ancient Greek
χάραξ
(derived)
←
Italian
cazzo
(mention)
←
Latin
carassus
(mention)
←
Portuguese
carago
(doublet)
→
Catalan
carall
(cognate)
→
Spanish
carajo
(cognate)
→
Galician
carallo
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
carago
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
o caralho
(mention)
→
Portuguese
passaralho
(affix)