Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
cajado
←
Latin
caia
(derived)
←
Old Portuguese
cayado
(inherited)
→
Galician
caxato
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
cajadada
(affix)