Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
cadeia
←
English
chain
(cognate)
←
Spanish
cadena
(cognate)
←
Galician
cadea
(cognate)
←
Latin
catēna
(inherited)
←
Portuguese
catena
(doublet)
←
Old Portuguese
cadẽa
(inherited)
→
Galician
cadea
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
catena
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
encadear
(confix)