Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
broca
←
Catalan
broca
(borrowed)
←
Latin
broccus
(derived)
→
Galician
broca
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
brocar
(affix)