Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
bagel
←
English
bagel
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Germanic
*baug-
(derived)
←
Proto-Germanic
*-il
(mention)
←
Middle High German
bouc
(derived)
←
Middle High German
boug-
(mention)
←
Old High German
boug
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰewgʰ-
(root)
←
Yiddish
בייגל
(derived)