Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
bónus
←
English
bonus
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*dou-
(derived)
←
Old Latin
duonus
(derived)
←
Latin
bonus
(borrowed)
←
Portuguese
bom
(doublet)
→
Portuguese
bom
(doublet)