Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
africano
←
Latin
āfricānus
(borrowed)
←
Old Portuguese
africano
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
*africão
(cognate)
←
Old Portuguese
aflicão
(mention)
→
Portuguese
africanista
(affix)