Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Portuguese
Rodrigues
←
English
Rogers
(cognate)
←
English
Rodgers
(mention)
←
Spanish
Rodriguez
(cognate)
←
Portuguese
Rodrigo
(suffix)
←
Portuguese
es
(suffix)
→
English
Rodrigues
(derived)