Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Pashto
سپی
←
Avestan
𐬯𐬞𐬁
(cognate)
←
Persian
سگ
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*ćwā́
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ḱwṓ
(derived)
←
Proto-Iranian
*cwā́
(inherited)
←
Sanskrit
श्वन्
(cognate)
→
Persian
سگ
(cognate)
→
Persian
اسبه
(cognate)