Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish szlifować
German schleifen (borrowed)
Proto-Germanic *slīpaną (derived)
Middle High German (derived)
Proto-West Germanic *slīpan (derived)
Old High German slīfan (derived)
Polish -ować (affix)

Polish doszlifować (prefix)
Russian шлифовать (borrowed)