Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish szczygieł
Proto-Slavic *ščigъlъ (inherited)
Proto-Slavic *ščegъlъ (mention)

Czech stehlík (cognate)
German Stieglitz (cognate)
Finnish tikli (cognate)
Polish Szczygieł (mention)
Polish szczygli (affix)
Polish szczyglik (affix)
Polish szczyglica (affix)
Polish szczygiełek (affix)