Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish skała
Proto-Slavic *skala (inherited)
Proto-Slavic *skoliti (mention)

English shale (cognate)
Polish skałoczep (compound)
Polish skalisty (affix)
Polish skalny (suffix)
Polish skałka (affix)
Polish skalnik (affix)
Polish skalik (affix)
Polish naskalny (affix)
Vilamovian skāł (borrowed)