Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish port
English port (cognate)
French - (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *pértus (derived)
Latin portus (derived)
Polish fiord (doublet)

Polish fiord (doublet)
Polish portowiec (affix)
Polish portowy (suffix)