Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish grupa
German Gruppe (borrowed)
French groupe (derived)
Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (derived)
Italian gruppo (derived)

Polish podgrupa (prefix)
Polish grupowy (affix)
Polish grupka (affix)