Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
ewolucja
←
English
evolution
(borrowed)
←
Latin
ēvolūtiō
(derived)
→
Polish
ewolucyjny
(affix)
→
Ukrainian
еволюція
(cognate)