Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Polish
Roman
←
Latin
Rōmānus
(borrowed)
←
Latin
rōmānus
(mention)
→
Polish
Romanowicz
(suffix)
→
Polish
Romaniec
(suffix)