Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Polish Dąbrowski
Polish dąb (affix)
Polish -owski (affix)
Proto-Slavic - (cognate)
Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (mention)

English Dabrowski (unadapted borrowing)
Polish Dombrowski (mention)
Polish Dąbrowska (suffix)
Portuguese Dabrowski (unadapted borrowing)
Romanian Dombrovschi (borrowed)