Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Occitan
estanh
←
Catalan
estany
(cognate)
←
Latin
stagnum
(inherited)
←
Latin
stannum
(inherited)
←
Latin
stagnum
(mention)
←
Occitan
estam
(mention)
→
Catalan
estany
(cognate)