Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Norse
sparri
→
English
spear
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
spàrr
(borrowed)
→
Latin
paries
(cognate)
→
Swedish
spärra
(inherited)