Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old Norse rǫgg

→ English rag (derived)
→ English rugged (derived)
→ English rug (cognate)
→ Middle English ragge (derived)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk ragg (derived)
→ Swedish ragg (inherited)