Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Norse
hvirfilvindr
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂weh₁-
(root)
←
Old Norse
hvirfill
(compound)
←
Old Norse
vindr
(compound)
→
English
whirlwind
(cognate)
→
Norwegian Bokmål
virvelvind
(derived)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk
virvelvind
(derived)