Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Norse
hamla
→
Old English
hamelian
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
hamla
(inherited)
→
Norwegian Nynorsk
hamla
(derived)