Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old Norse
Rín
→
English
Rhine
(cognate)
→
Danish
Rhinen
(inherited)
→
Faroese
Rín
(derived)
→
Icelandic
Rín
(derived)