Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Norwegian Nynorsk seia
English say (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *sagjaną (derived)
Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (derived)
Old Norse segja (derived)

English say (cognate)
Norwegian Nynorsk seiing (affix)
Norwegian Nynorsk oppseiing (affix)