Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Norwegian Nynorsk mjuk
English meek (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *meukaz (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *mewg- (derived)
Old Norse mjúkr (inherited)

English meek (cognate)
Norwegian Nynorsk mugg (link)
Norwegian Nynorsk mjukleik (affix)