Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Norwegian Nynorsk lauv
English leaf (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *laubą (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (derived)
Old Norse lauf (inherited)

English leaf (cognate)
Norwegian Nynorsk lauvtre (affix)